Coke oven



Filed Jan. 17

R CRAVAU COKE OVEN 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 1,& 6,082

R. CRAVAU I COKE OVEN .III IIII .4

I I I I I I I II R. CRAVAU COKE OVEN Filed n 17. 1921 4 Sheets-Sheet 5JW ?lir/"lim AVJVQVJAVM .I

Fgw 18, 1924.

R. cRAvAu COKE OVEN F e l7. 192l 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patenta& Nov. 18,1924.

RAOUL CRAVAU, OF 'BRUSSELS, BELGIUM.

COKE O'VEN.

Application filed January 17, 1921. Serial No. 437,927.

To all whom 'it may concern: i

Be it known that I, RAOUL CRAVAU, sub ject of the King of the Belgians,residing at Brussels, Belgium, have invented new and useful Improvementsin Coke Ovens, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to coke ovens of the regenerative type, that iswherein provision is made for the recovery of heat and for the periodicreversal of currents of gas in the regenerators. In most ovens of thistype the regenerators are each divided into two halves which communicatewith one another through the heating flues and are used alternately forheating the air and if necessary the fuel gas, and for recovery of theheat of the burnt gases. In other coke ovens of the regenerative type','however,' each regenerator extends throughout the length of the heatingwalls and the regenerators ot' even and of odd number are usedalternately for heating, and for recovering purposes. With thisarrangement the regenerators are alternately connected to the smokestack; the air entel-ing one end of a regenerator and the burnt, gasesescapng through the opposite end of the next regenerator. V i

An advantagte of this arrangement'is the possibility of uniformlyheating the walls by alternating the ascending and the descending flues(i. e. the flues with an upward draught and those with a downwarddraught) while maintaining parallelism beaccordingly.

tween the gaseous Currents' in the stacks of brickwork on the one handand in'the heating flues on the other hand.

`With this arrangement however a serious difliculty arises in uniformlydistributing' the gaseous Currents throughout the regenerators. Thus, onaccount of the fact that the air enters one end of the chamber through ahorizontal conduitv of comparatively small cross-section whence itis`distributed into the regenerator through a series of openings, thecurrent of air rushes at high speed and eddies can hardly be avoided;further the static pressure of the 'air increases as it advances nsadcondut and the distribution of the air is influenced A similar thoughreverse action takes place at and near the outlet for the burnt gases.

` The object of the present inventiomis to overcome these difiicultiesby decreasin the speed of the fluids as they rush into an out of theconduits leading to and from the regenerators, and by reducing thehorizontal path they must follow before they reach orafter they leavethe stacks of brickwork.

In accordance with this invention this object is attained by providingall the regenerators with an air inlet at each end thereof so that theair can be admitted simultaneously through both ends of a regenerator,and by branching all the 'regenerators on' two collector galleries sothat the escape of the burnt gases can take place simultaneously throughboth galleries. Preferably such galleries are connected to theregenerators at or near the ends thereof so that the regenerators may bealternately connected with the outside air and with the collectorgalleries by means of valves.

In the accompanying drawings which illustrate by way of example twoConstructions according to the invention,

Figure 1 is a Vertical section on line A-B (Figure 3) Fgure 2 is' avertical section through the line C-D in Figure 1;

F igure 3 is a horizontal section on line In Figures 1-5, a a indicatethe cokng.

chambers, the side walls of which are constituted by the hollow walls bb 6 Under the coking clambers are provided regenerators c'-', 0 c'containing stacks of heat-retaining material leaving at the upper-partof each regenerator a free space or distribution chamber (1 d d*extending .throughout the whole length of the walls.

Ducts e e afiord a direct communication between' each regenerator of oddnumber '0 0 0 and the two adjoining walls and ducts f likewise connecteach regenerator ofeven number 0 0 c direct with the two adjoiningwalls. Each wall comprises a series of pair-s of vertical flues g, h,the flues of each pair communicating with each other at the top. Asshown in Fig. 5, the flues g in any heating wall are arranged oppositethe flues h in the adja-v cent walls. At the bottom of each flue g opensa duct e and at the bottom of each flue h opens a duet f, so that allthe pairs of flues g h of one and the same wall are arranged in parallelbetween a regenerator of odd number and the adjoining regenerator ofeven number.

The :tuel gas is supplied to the flues of the heating walls through mainconduits i, i on which are branched conduits j j and j j provided in thebrickwork at the base of the walls. The conduits 55 supply the flues gthrough the intermediary of tubes 70 terminating at the base of the saidfines, and

the conduits j .supply in the same way the flues h through theintermediary of tubes 76 All the regenerators 0 0 6* are connected withtwo collector galleries m, m which are used in a permanent manner forexh'austing "the burnt gases. Each regenerator has moreover at each enda conduit 0 which can be connected direct to the outer air. Tn this wayadvantage is taken of the accessibility of both ends of the re eneratorsextending throughout the whole ength of the ovens, for the purpose ofbringing about simultaneous introduction'of air through their end walls.

The galleries m, m are preterably placed under the block of ovens andconnected to the ends of the regenerators by :tlues n a in such a mannerthat each fiue n opens into the re enerator next to a conduit o, andthat the a ternate opening and closing of the said two passages can beefiected by means of one and the same valve ;0.

The operation of the ovens is as 'follows:

Tf for instance the regenerators of even number 0 0 0 are used forheating the air, the regenerators of odd number 630 a being used then torecover the heat of the burnt gases, the valves p are placed so as toclose the flues n of the even regenerators, and the conduits o of theOdd regenerators. Cold air passes direct from the outside into all theeven regenerators through their two ends and is heated inpassing thestacks of material in the upward direction and evenly distributedthroughout the whole length of the heating walls owing to thecommunication established in each regenerator b the chamber d' whichforms above the stac a free space of sumcient section to ensureequilibrium of ressure from one end of the reenerator to t e other. i

T rough the ducts f, f the hot air escapes into the fiues h where itignites the fuel gas coming from the tubes k. The roducts of eombustionrise in .the walls through the tlues h and descend again through theflues g thus heating the oven very eciently. Through the ducts e, e theburnt gases reach the regenerators 0 0 0 where an equigive od thegreater portion of their heat on.

contact with the stacks of material through which they pass in thedownward direction., They divide into two equal currents which are drawnsimultaneously through the fiuesn Situated at the two ends of theregenerators, 'then through the galleries m which are .in

open communication with the chimney. The arrows 1, 2, 3 indicate therespective paths of the air, fuel gas and products of combustion duringthis period.

Tt will be seen that the circulation of the gaseous currents in thestacks of material takes %lace in a methodical and eflicient man ner. heair passes through the regenerators in an upward direction, and in thedownward direction the gases are cooled. Moreover, as the air is heated,it comes in contact with surfaces the temperature of which progressivelyincreases, while as the burnt gases are cooled, they pass between wallsof decreasing temperature.

On the other hand, the air coming direct from the outside through thetwo ends of the regenerators, does not meet any appreciable resistance;There are no sole 'lues nor horizontal conduits at the top of theheating walls, and the draft of the chimney has to overcome only theresistance met by the gaseous currents after their escape from theheating fiues.

When the stacks of the odd regenerators have been raised to a suf'icienttemperature, the direction of travel of the gaseous currents in theheating walls is reversed. To that end, the admis'sion of the fuel gasto "the conduits 7' and which supply the fiues h is cut ofi, the valvesof the odd regenerators are raised, the va ves p of the ovenregenerators are lowered, and the fuel gas is admitted into the conduitsj* and k which feed the flues g. These movements are et- 'fectedsuccessively by means of suitable apparatus of well known Construction.i The direction of the gaseous currents `is then reversed in theregenerators and in the heating walls, but the direction of the maincurrents in the galleries m remains the same.

In that way the reversal of the main currents is avoided, thusdispensing with registers and valves which, in existing ovens, give riseto injurious admission of air, produce resistance to the passage ofgaseous currents and bring about by their operation losses of beat owingto the perisodical expulsion of volumes of inert fluids filling thegalleries at the moment of each reversal.

The present invention is also apphable to coke ovens heated by poor gascoming for instance from producers or blast furnaces and requirin apreliminary heating. In ths case un er each carbonizing chamber isarranged a pair of regenerators of, c 0 and g 9 39 arranged .side byside (Fi re 6) and extending throughout the' who e length of the heatingwalls'. The regenerators 0 0 0 are used for heating the air and arrangedin the same way as in Figures 1-5. They are connected alternately withthe outside air througlrconduts 0, and with the collector galleries m: mthrough flues n, and they also have a permanent connection to the fiuesg and h of the heating walls byducts e and f. The regenerators g g 9 aare used for heating the fuel gas. By .means of valves p theseregenerators are alternately connected at their ends with gas mains ythrough ppes a; and valves z, and with the collector galleries m m onwhich all these regenerators are branched. Ductsr and 8 arranged in thesame way as the ducts e and f, connect the regenerators g 9 to the fluesg and h of the two adoining heating walls. The arrows 1, 2, 3, showre'spectively the travel of the Currents of air, fuel gas and burntgases during the period in which' the regenerators of even numbers areused for heating the air and the gas, while the regenerators of oddnumbers are used for recovering the beat from the products ofcombustion.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United Statesis: u

1. In coke ovens of the regenerative type, the combination of cokingchambers, heating flues in the walls between adjacent chambers,regenerators arranged under said chambers extending over substantiallythe whole lengh of said walls, upwardly extending ducts connecting saidregenerators to said heating flues, conduits in both end walls of eachregenerator aording direct communication between the outside air andboth ends of 'said regenerators, two galleries arranged in parallelbeneath all of the regenerators and at the respective ends thereoflother conduits establishn communication between the 'galleries and t erespective ends of the regenerators and positioned adjacent the firstmentioned conduits, and valve members mounted in the regenerators foralternately covering each of said conduits and consequently regulatingcommunication between the regenerators and the galleries and theregenerators and the outside air, substantially as and for the purposesset forth.

2. In coke ovens of the regenerative type the combination of cokingchambers, heating flues in the walls between the adjacent chambers,regenerators arranged under said chambers and extending oversubstantially the whole length of the walls, ducts arranged in suitablespaced p intervals throughout the length of said regenerators fordirectly connecting the regenerators ,to theflues in the' adjacentwalls, conduits arranged in both end walls of each regenerator forestablish- -ing direct communication between the outarran ged parallelto'each other transversely beneath said regenerators, conduits betweenthe galleries and the respective ends of each of the regenerators, andvalves arranged in the ends of the regenerators and cooperating j withthe conduits leading from the galleries and the fresh air conduits intothe regenerators'` for alternately connecting each'of said regeneratorsto both of said galleries andto both of said last mentioned conduits,substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. A coke ovenof the character described includin a walled bod)structure, a series of alternate arranged coking chambers and heatingues arranged transversely of the bodystructure, a series of transverselyarranged regenerators in the walled structure 5 and beneath thecokingchambers and arranged in communication with the heatingflues, conduitsprovided transversely of the body and leading from opposite walls andarranged transversely beneath the heating flues and' in communicationtherewith'for controlling the supply of fuel gasthereto, conduitsarranged through opposed walls and communicating with the respectiveends e of each of the regenerators for permitting the passageof outsideair into the respective ends of the regenerators, galleries arranged iat the base of the walled structure trans-` versely beneath all of theregenerators and each being' arran'ged in communication withtherespective ends of each of the regeneraof the regenerators foralternately connecting each of said regenerato'rs to both of said freshair intake conduits and to both .of said galleries, substantiallv as andfor the purposes set forth.

In' testimony whereof Ihav signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

e RAOULCRAVAUQ Witness'es:

HENRY W. PLUcKm, B. M. TmArA'mvr,

tors, and means mounted in the ends' of each

